Friday, October 30, 2015

Extreme weather in Germany

It seems southern Germany tends to take the most beatings when it comes to natural hazards, weather, etc.
There is extreme weather consisting of thunderstorms, rain, hail, etc that plague the area.
For all of Germany, extreme weather, including heat waves and intense cold events occur within the country. Temperature extremes and flooding seem to be big risks.

As always, there are many procedures in place to study the weather to allow warnings and aid.
In an article on different extreme weather events, it is stated, "Germany has a strategy in place to cope with severe weather events, having defined and established plans for many of the sectors that would be affected by such events. For example, in reaction to the heat-wave 2003, a rapid alert system has been installed in Germany and other European countries, which alerts vulnerable sections of the population..." 
 Germany has these systems to study storms and uses this techology to help/study weather of other countries to alloow for better warning procedures for when these events occur.
Germany studies other countries extreme weather to better understand how to prevent as much destruction as possible in the future.
http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/144389/e95103.pdf
https://germanwatch.org/en/download/10333.pdf

Wednesday, October 21, 2015

Mass Wasting Hazards

The areas that seem to be most at risk for mass wasting hazards are South, West, and Central Germany. These areas look to be the more mountainous regions of the country, which would explain why they are most at risk. There are higher elevations of land that could cascade down due to earth movements, too much rain, etc.

One way Germany works to stay informed on the land is by using "GIS techniques" to map and study high risk areas. This allows for an understanding of the geological make-up of the high risk areas and can act as a warning system if movement is being recorded. It is stated in a book discussing landslide events, etc., it is stated, "Methodology to assess risks and hazards caused by mass movements is based on the advantages of GIS techniques. Two main advantages of GIS in relation to geological risk assessment are the integration and analysis capabilities." This supports that scientists can study the land with this system as a way to warn when a mass movement event is to occur.
 In a seperate article it is stated how common landslide events can be in due to the geography, "In alpine regions natural hazards are a common phenomenon. Landslides, rock falls and mudflows occur in the course of mountain degradation that reflects the natural slope instability of mountain areas. Landslides are mostly triggered by extreme rainfall that will, according to climate scientists, become more relevant especially in alpine regions." Due to this knowledge, it is suggested that the best preventative measure to not be effected by these events, is to avoid those areas most at risk in the mountains.



https://books.google.com/books?id=37MIBHs3_-kC&pg=PA325&lpg=PA325&dq=Germany%27s+mass+wasting+hazards&source=bl&ots=7Lcudz5hFM&sig=sMzdhaI7Ky8zjWrpz1hXbj6XpPI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAWoVChMIyNvnxO7UyAIViyuICh3MnQOb#v=onepage&q=Germany's%20mass%20wasting%20hazards&f=false

https://www.lfu.bayern.de/geologie/massenbewegungen/doc/finalreport_adaptalp.pdf